![]() Southeastern Hokkaido around the Niikappu ranch. Ranchers' obsession with eliminating wolves, and applied theirĭeadly scientific technique-the use of strychnine-to the wolves of ![]() "scientific agriculture" to the northern island of Hokkaido.Įdwin Dun, an Ohio rancher, was hired by the Hokkaido Development Agency HisĬase study illustrating this transformation is the coming of Generation, of the transformation in human attitudes toward wolves. Of Japan's wolves was sealed by the completion, in just one In the mid- and late nineteenth century, Walker believes, that the fate Restoration of 1868," and wolf killings were still "isolatedįlashpoints of confrontation" that often served ceremonialĬommunity functions (p. "Wolf imagery was as diverseĪs the ecologies and cultures of Japan itself before the Meiji Wolves were now sometimes seen as an evil to be eradicated.īut not yet always, says Walker. So did bounties and wolf hunts, often domain-sponsored, as Raccoon dogs), became common in the eighteenth and early nineteenthĬenturies. ![]() Reports of mad wolves, as well as dogs, foxes, and tanuki (Japanese Rely on raising horses for a significant portion of their revenue.Ĭompounding these factors was an epidemic of rabies among wolves, makingĮncounters with wolves nearly always dangerous rather than auspicious. Tokugawa period, some daimyo domains, particularly in the north, came to Made wolves-not always clearly distinguishable from wild dogs or Increased as well, and Walker suggests that the resulting interbreeding Population and cultivated acreage grew, wolves were no longer suchĭistant, mysterious protectors. Such as deer, wild boars, and even wild horses. Revere an animal that preyed on other animals that damaged their fields, It was natural for grain farmers in ancient and medieval times to The Large-Mouthed Pure God (Oguchi no Magami), and Ainu poetry andĬeremonies celebrated Horkew Kamui, the wolf god. Poems in the eighth-century Man'yoshu refer to wolves as Shrines, such as Mitsumine Shrine in Saitama, are associated with Walker argues that a major reason for this wasĪ dramatic change in attitudes toward wolves-from sacred benefactors toĮnemies-during the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). Walker asks two main questions: why did Japan's wolves becomeĮxtinct, and how have Japanese thought about wolves? The two questionsĪre related, of course, since human beings were the agent of the Wolves there to better imagine the wolves of Japan, since they Walker himself lives in Montana and observed These include William Cronon (who wrote the foreword for theīook), Donald Worster, Alfred Crosby, and wolf specialists such as Barry Walker's work places him squarely in the company of the leadingĮnvironmental historians and ecologists, many of whom study the American Written on environmental themes in Japanese history (this one included), $35.00 (cloth).īrett Walker may be the only true environmental historian among The Lost Wolves of Japan." Retrieved from MLA style: "The Lost Wolves of Japan." The Free Library.
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